Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS) (RFSA)

Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS) is a Government space agency led by Administrator: Yuri Borisov that was established in 1992 and operates in Russia. Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS) has 320 successful launches and 11 failed attempts, with a cumulative tally of 331 launches, currently with 4 pending launches in the pipeline. Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS) has a tally of 0 attempted booster landings, of which 0 failed and 0 successful booster landings recorded.

Launchers

N1

The N1 was a super heavy-lift launch vehicle intended to deliver payloads beyond low Earth orbit, acting as the Soviet counterpart to the US Saturn V. It was designed with manned extra-orbital travel in mind. Development work started on the N1 in 1959. Its first stage is the most powerful rocket stage ever built. (checked 2019)

Proton

This four stage version of the Proton was originally designed to send manned circumlunar spacecraft into translunar trajectory.

Soyuz

The Soyuz-FG launch vehicle is an improved version of the Soyuz-U from the R-7 family of rockets, designed and constructed by TsSKB-Progress in Samara, Russia. Guidance, navigation, and control system is developed and manufactured by "Polisvit" Special Design Bureau.

Soyuz

Soyuz U

Zenit 2M

Zenit 3F

Spacecraft

Buran

The Buran was a Soviet and later Russian reusable spacecraft that began development in 1974 at the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute in Moscow and was formally suspended in 1993.

The Buran programme was started by the Soviet Union as a response to the United States Space Shuttle programme. The project was the largest and the most expensive in the history of Soviet space exploration. Development work included sending BOR-5 test vehicles on multiple sub-orbital test flights, and atmospheric flights of the OK-GLI aerodynamic prototype. Buran completed one uncrewed orbital spaceflight in 1988, after which it was recovered successfully. Although the Buran class was similar in appearance to NASA's Space Shuttle orbiter, and could similarly operate as a re-entry spaceplane, its internal and functional design was distinct. For example, the main engines during launch were on the Energia rocket and were not taken into orbit by the spacecraft. Smaller rocket engines on the craft's body provided propulsion in orbit and de-orbital burns, similar to the Space Shuttle's OMS pods.

Flight Life: At least 15-20 days, but its only flight lasted only 206 minutes.

Progress 7K-TG

Progress 7K-TG , was a Soviet uncrewed spacecraft used to resupply space stations in low Earth orbit. Forty three flew, delivering cargo to Salyut 6, Salyut 7, and Mir. It was the first version of the Progress spacecraft to fly, and spawned later derivatives including the Progress-M which replaced it, and the later Progress-M1.

Progress is derived from the manned Soyuz spacecraft and is launched on the same vehicle, a Soyuz rocket.
The purpose of Progress is to deliver supplies needed to sustain human presence in orbit. Currently it is used as a re-supply spacecraft for the ISS.

Flight Life: 33 to 75 days

Progress-M

Progress-M is an improved variant of the original Progress which first launched on 23 August 1989. It has the following improvements:
- 30 days of autonomous flight
- 100kg more cargo
- 150kg of return cargo using VBK-Raduga

Flight Life: 6 Months docked

Progress-M1

Progress-M1 is used to resupply space stations. It is a variant of the Progress spacecraft, derived from the Progress-M, but modified to carry more UDMH and N2O4 propellant for refuelling the International Space Station instead of other cargoes such as water.

Flight Life: 6 Months docked

Progress-M (modified)

The modified Progress-M is a uncrewed cargo spacecraft based on the Progress-M. In the new version, the Argon-16 computer is replaced by the new TsVM-101 computer. The latter is a much more capable computer, is almost 10 times lighter and much smaller. The analogue telemetry system is also replaced by a smaller digital telemetry system called MBITS.

Flight Life: 6 Months docked to ISS

Progress-MS

Progress-MS is an improved variant which first launched on 21 December 2015. It has the following improvements:
- New external compartment that enables it to deploy satellites.
- Enhanced redundancy
- Improved Micrometeoroid (MMOD) protection
- Luch Russian relay satellites link capabilities
- GNSS autonomous navigation
- Real time relative navigation
- New digital radio
The Ukrainian Chezara Kvant-V on board radio system and antenna/feeder system has been replaced with a Unified Command Telemetry System (UCTS).
- Replacement of the Kurs A with Kurs NA digital system.

Flight Life: 6 Months docked to ISS

Progress M-UM

Progress M-UM , was a specially modified Progress M developed by Roscosmos to deliver the Prichal module to the Russian Orbital Segment of the International Space Station. The propulsion section was separable from the Princhal module.It was the final flight of a Progress M and the first launch of a Progress spacecraft on a Soyuz 2.1b.

Flight Life: 1 Month

Soyuz

The Soyuz TMA-M is an upgrade of the baseline Soyuz-TMA, using a new computer, digital interior displays, updated docking equipment and vehicle's total mass has been reduced by 70 kilograms. This new version debuted on 7 October 2010 with the launch of TMA-01M, carrying the ISS Expedition 25 crew. The Soyuz TMA-08M set a new record for the fastest manned docking into space station, event utilized the new 6-hour fast rendezvous instead of the previous Soyuz launches which had, since 1986, taken two days.

Soyuz is a series of spacecraft designed for the Soviet space programme by the Korolyov Design Bureau (now RKK Energia) in the 1960s that remains in service today. The Soyuz succeeded the Voskhod spacecraft and was originally built as part of the Soviet Manned Lunar programme. nn The Soyuz spacecraft is launched on a Soyuz rocket, the most frequently used and most reliable launch vehicle in the world to date. The Soyuz rocket design is based on the Vostok launcher, which in turn was based on the 8K74 or R-7A Semyorka, a Soviet intercontinental ballistic missile. All Soyuz spacecraft are launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.

Flight Life: 200 Days

Soyuz MS

Soyuz MS is the final planned upgrade of the Soyuz spacecraft.

Major changes include:

- more efficient solar panels
- modified engine positions for redundancy
- new Kurs NA approach and docking system
- new TsVM-101 computer
- unified digital command/telemetry system (MBITS) to relay telemetry via satellite, and control spacecraft when out of sight of ground stations
- GLONASS/GPS and Cospas-Sarsat satellite systems for more accurate location afterlanding

Soyuz is a series of spacecraft designed for the Soviet space programme by the Korolyov Design Bureau (now RKK Energia) in the 1960s that remains in service today. The Soyuz succeeded the Voskhod spacecraft and was originally built as part of the Soviet Manned Lunar programme. The Soyuz spacecraft is launched on a Soyuz rocket, the most frequently used and most reliable launch vehicle in the world to date. The Soyuz rocket design is based on the Vostok launcher, which in turn was based on the 8K74 or R-7A Semyorka, a Soviet intercontinental ballistic missile. All Soyuz spacecraft are launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.

Flight Life: 210 days while docked

Soyuz T

The Soyuz-T was a major upgrade over previous Soyuz spacecraft, sporting solid-state electronics for the first time and a much more advanced onboard computer to help overcome the chronic docking problems that affected cosmonauts during space station missions. In addition, solar panels returned, allowing the Soyuz-T to fly up to 11 days independently as well as a redesigned propulsion system, the KTDU-426. Finally, it could at last carry three cosmonauts with pressure suits.

Soyuz is a series of spacecraft designed for the Soviet space programme by the Korolyov Design Bureau (now RKK Energia) in the 1960s that remains in service today. The Soyuz succeeded the Voskhod spacecraft and was originally built as part of the Soviet Manned Lunar programme. The Soyuz spacecraft is launched on a Soyuz rocket, the most frequently used and most reliable launch vehicle in the world to date. The Soyuz rocket design is based on the Vostok launcher, which in turn was based on the 8K74 or R-7A Semyorka, a Soviet intercontinental ballistic missile. All Soyuz spacecraft are launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.

Flight Life: 120 days while docked

Soyuz TM

The Soyuz-TM crew transports were fourth generation Soyuz spacecraft, and were used from 1986 to 2002 for ferry flights to Mir and the International Space Statio

Soyuz is a series of spacecraft designed for the Soviet space programme by the Korolyov Design Bureau (now RKK Energia) in the 1960s that remains in service today. The Soyuz succeeded the Voskhod spacecraft and was originally built as part of the Soviet Manned Lunar programme. The Soyuz spacecraft is launched on a Soyuz rocket, the most frequently used and most reliable launch vehicle in the world to date. The Soyuz rocket design is based on the Vostok launcher, which in turn was based on the 8K74 or R-7A Semyorka, a Soviet intercontinental ballistic missile. All Soyuz spacecraft are launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.

Flight Life: 180 days while docked

Soyuz TMA

Soyuz TMA features several changes to accommodate requirements requested by NASA in order to service the International Space Station (ISS)

Soyuz is a series of spacecraft designed for the Soviet space programme by the Korolyov Design Bureau (now RKK Energia) in the 1960s that remains in service today. The Soyuz succeeded the Voskhod spacecraft and was originally built as part of the Soviet Manned Lunar programme. The Soyuz spacecraft is launched on a Soyuz rocket, the most frequently used and most reliable launch vehicle in the world to date. The Soyuz rocket design is based on the Vostok launcher, which in turn was based on the 8K74 or R-7A Semyorka, a Soviet intercontinental ballistic missile. All Soyuz spacecraft are launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.

Flight Life: 6 Months while docked

Soyuz TMA-M

The Soyuz TMA-M was an upgrade of the baseline Soyuz-TMA, using a new computer, digital interior displays, updated docking equipment, and the vehicle's total mass was reduced by 70 kilograms.

Soyuz is a series of spacecraft designed for the Soviet space programme by the Korolyov Design Bureau (now RKK Energia) in the 1960s that remains in service today. The Soyuz succeeded the Voskhod spacecraft and was originally built as part of the Soviet Manned Lunar programme. The Soyuz spacecraft is launched on a Soyuz rocket, the most frequently used and most reliable launch vehicle in the world to date. The Soyuz rocket design is based on the Vostok launcher, which in turn was based on the 8K74 or R-7A Semyorka, a Soviet intercontinental ballistic missile. All Soyuz spacecraft are launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.

Flight Life: Up to six months docked to Space station

Voskhod

Voskhod 3KV flew on 12 October 1964 manned as Voskhod 1. It carried three cosmonauts and marked the first time more than one person had flown to space in the same craft.

Voskhod 3KD flew on 18 March 1965 manned as the Voskhod 2 spacecraft. Voskhod 2 had a crew of two wearing spacesuits and marked the first spacewalk.

The Voskhod (Russian: Восход, "Sunrise") was a spacecraft built by the Soviet Union's space program for human spaceflight as part of the Voskhod programme. It was a development of and a follow-on to the Vostok spacecraft.

Two variants were created, the Voskhod 3KV which held three cosmonauts, and the Voskhod 3KD which held two cosmonauts. Both variants had very similar specifications.

Flight Life: ~1 day flights

Vostok

The Vostok (Russian: Восток, translated as "East") was a type of spacecraft built by the Soviet Union. The spacecraft was part of the Vostok programme, in which six manned spaceflights were made, from 1961–63.

The Vostok-3KA consisted of a spherical descent module, which housed the cosmonaut, instruments and escape system, and a conical instrument module, which contained propellant and the engine system.

On reentry, the cosmonaut would eject from the craft at about 7,000 m (23,000 ft) and descend via parachute, while the capsule would land separately. The reason for this was that the Vostok descent module made an extremely rough landing that could have left a cosmonaut seriously injured.

Flight Life: Longest flight was 4 days.

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